Indigenous And Non Indigenous Of The Baseball Team, The...

Introduction Media, in its many forms, controls how individuals learn about different issues going on around the world. Many of these media outlets tend to have some sort of bias to lead the individual to be either for or against the issue at hand. This essay will discuss how Indigenous peoples are portrayed in the media, both Indigenous and non-Indigenous, and compare how these different sources portray Indigenous people. This essay will focus on one topic that has surfaced recently, the court case regarding the use of the name and logo of the major league baseball team, the Cleveland Indians. This case has been brought into focus by an Indigenous architect, Douglas Cardinal. Cardinal finds the name and symbol of the team, a character with red skin wearing a feather headband, to be offensive to the Indigenous people and is seeking legal aid to ban the logo and regular season jerseys from being used at Blue Jays games. Indigenous Media The first Indigenous media source was an article from aptn.ca titled, â€Å"Indigenous architect Douglas Cardinal in Ontario court trying to ban Cleveland’s baseball team name†. This was a very short article, outlining the facts of the court case as well as a brief description of Cardinal. This article also mentioned others who refused to use the team’s name including Jerry Howarth, a sports announcer. The second Indigenous source was an article from theturtleislandnews.com, entitled, â€Å"Activist seeks injunction against use of ‘Cleveland Indians’Show MoreRelatedThe Toronto Blue Jays And The City1918 Words   |  8 PagesOctober 14th, 2016 was an exciting day for baseball fans in Toronto, Ontario. The Toronto Blue Jays and the city prepared to face off against Cleveland in the American League Championship Series. Catch anything out of sorts about that last sentence (specifically relating to the teams)? Read it one more time. Th e full name of the team the Cleveland Indians was purposefully left out. Selective vocabulary like this is also used by the Blue Jay’s play-by-play announcer Jerry Howarth. Howarth’s protestRead More The Persecution of Indigenous People Essay2348 Words   |  10 PagesThe Persecution of Indigenous People On October 12, 1492, a European by the name of Christopher Columbus arrived on an island of the Americas. However, he and his shipmates were not the first people to step foot on the land of the Americas. Long before Columbus, the Native Americans were the original populace of the land. Despite their seniority over the land, the Native Americans were feared and persecuted by the white settlers because of their many unusual appearances and atypicalRead MoreSummary Article Nikes Dispute with the University of Oregon9247 Words   |  37 Pagespublicly-traded company is a company that has permission to offer its registered securities for sale to the general public, typically through a stock exchange, or occasionally a company whose stock is traded over the counter via market makers who use non-exchange quotation services.-Securities... sportswear and equipment supplier based in the United States. The company is headquartered in Beaverton Beaverton, Oregon Beaverton is a city in Washington County, Oregon, United States, seven miles westRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesELEVENTH EDITION MARKETING MISTAKES AND SUCCESSES 30TH ANNIVERSARY Robert F. Hartley Cleveland State University JOHN WILEY SONS, INC. VICE PRESIDENT PUBLISHER EXECUTIVE EDITOR ASSISTANT EDITOR PRODUCTION MANAGER PRODUCTION ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE MARKETING MANAGER ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER MARKETING ASSISTANT DESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structure [9.1.3] 9.1.1 Organization charts 1.4.4 Project offices Chapter 4 9.2 Building the team (.1.3) [3.5.3] [App G.2 Building teams] 9.4 Managing the team 9.3.2 Team building activities 9.2.4 Virtual teams 9.3.3.1 Team performance [9.4.2.2] 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 9.3.2.6 Recognition and awards

Welfare to Work Does It Really Benefit Single Parents Essay

Welfare to Work: Does It Really Benefit Single Parents? When President Clinton signed the Personal Responsible Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act in August of 1996, it ended welfare as we know it. Under this reform, wages and earnings replaced welfare, but many critics felt only problems arose from this program. Welfare to work forces poor and single parents into jobs that do not supply sufficient living wages (Albelda 1). These single parents can never work enough hours to support their families because the jobs are often inflexible which is not a match for a single parent. Chances are employers who hire low wage workers do not want workers to come in late because there was no child care or miss days because the child was sick.†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, workers employed as low wage workers tend to receive very minimum training. The parents in turn are not ready for the labor market if they wanted a more permanent and steady job. On the other hand, welfare to work may be working because when Clinton signed the welfare reform bill in 1996, his goal was 10,000 new federal hires, but the federal Office of Personnel Management reports that as of January 2001, 50,827 former welfare recipients have found work (Doherty 1). Single parents are now receiving earnings and it does not seem as if they are getting hand outs?anymore. Our society greatly values paid work, so single parents are building up their moral. These parents may even feel I am?worth something in society because I am earning my living as opposed to receiving hand outs.?Working also allows for economic security and financial independence. Under this new bill, the once ever-growing number of recipients on welfare is rapidly decreasing. For example, a Job Center in Los Angeles had 9,100 families on welfare and it has decreased by fort percent. Currently, the rate is falling by 6,000 recipients a day. (Haskins 3). James D. VanErden, vice president of the National Alliance of Business, de clares this law has changed the outlook for the welfare population?by instilling in them an expectation of work, but it also has been a boon for business?(Miller 2).Show MoreRelatedWelfare Reform : The Welfare System1367 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare Reform What would happen if the government made changes to the welfare system? There are approximately 110,489,000 of Americans on welfare. Many people benefit from what the system has to offer: food stamps, housing, health insurance, day care, and unemployment. Taxpayers often argue that the individuals who benefit from the system, abuse the system; however, this is not entirely true. Many of the people who receive benefits really and truly need the help. Even though some people believeRead MoreIts Hard Being a Single Dad in America1494 Words   |  6 PagesIt’s hard being a single dad in America An Annotated Bibliography Morin, Amanda. Fathers Raising Daughters: The Unique Challenges of Single Fatherhood. Education.com | An Education amp; Child Development Site for Parents | Parenting amp; Educational Resource. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2013. According to the U.S. Census most recent information, there are approximately 13 million children living in single-parent households. That in itself isnt all that surprising, but heres something that is:Read MoreEssay about The Changing of American Families1050 Words   |  5 PagesBunch were the ideal families in the 1960s and 1970s, and in the 80s, it was Family Ties. When the 1990s approached us, television shows took on a whole new outlook on American Families. There were shows such as Full House, which was about a single father raising three daughters with the help of his brother-in-law and his best friend. Roseanne was also another show that showed the dysfunctional side of families. American Families keep changing, and they will continue to change in our futureRead More Single Mothers in America Essays1059 Words   |  5 Pagessociety it is not unusual to have a one-parent family with a young mother in charge. Teen mothers having children has increased so much over the y ears that it’s now a common occurance. Being a young single mother in today’s society is challenging but with the help of government assistance single mothers are finding their way. The government provides help for single mothers through a variety of welfare programs. Welfare programs provide benefits to single mothers with low income - income so lowRead MoreTanf : Helping Or Hurting Milwaukee Families?1715 Words   |  7 Pagesbut what has TANF really instituted and accomplished? After years of a system of welfare â€Å"recipients† gaining cash assistance from the government, the new system was meant to inspire welfare â€Å"participants† to actively work in order to earn their cash assistance. While TANF has been implemented across the country, it’s effect on Milwaukee has yet to show any great significance. Temporary Assistance to Needy Families is simply a reformation of the welfare system with stringent work requirements, yetRead MoreThe Potential Abolishment of Government Assistance Programs 1248 Words   |  5 PagesPrograms such as Welfare, Food stamps, Daycare, Healthcare, Energy, Communication and Transportation should be kept because they serve as an aid to people who need them. Past and current supporters of extirpating Government Assistant Programs claim that social security is number one on the list for needing to be suppressed. There are some who say that social security is a mandatory Ponzi scheme that has a bad effect on American workers. According to Julia Borowski, staff writer at Freedom Works, who promotesRead MoreWelfare Policy During The Great Depression1439 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare Policy has helped an abundance of people in America. Sometimes, unforeseen events occur and assistance is needed. Because of these troubling circumstances, the need for institution and development of welfare programs came about. The American Welfare Policy has good intent; it has helped millions of people through its time. Although, there are many that believe our Welfare Policy is in great need of reform and the abuse of the system must come to an end. Welfare policy made its formal debutRead MoreThe Australian Welfare State and How to Kick it1401 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare dependency has increased dramatically since the mid 1960s, with a growing trend of more claimants and fewer payers. Saunders believes the welfare system is revealing serious flaws which are encouraging welfare dependency mainly due to a system which does not encourage self-reliance and work ethic for the majority of recipients. Saunders addresses the issue of poverty amongst welfare dependent households, arguing that current benefits sit above the poverty line and that increased benefitsRead MoreAmerica Needs Welfare Reform Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pages Today our welfare programs give out too much money and the systems need to be reformed again. In 1996 The Welfare Reform Act was enacted and it changed the entire program for the better. However, since then, the programs have become abused and need to be reformed again. Many of the people that receive state or federal funding have more luxury items than the average middle class family. The government should check-in on the families that are receiving assistance to make sure they actually need theRead More America Needs More Government Programs to Pull Children Out of Poverty1504 Words   |  7 Pagespoverty at birth with little hope. The children as well as their parents are in need of assistance in order to stop the growing problem of child homelessness and poverty. There ar e many different opinions and ideas on how to deal with this problem and help these unfortunate children and their families. Unfortunately many of these programs are unsuccessful and do little to help while others are successful in combating the problem and really helping the children in need. First, I will describe the programs

How Educated Are Students Who Attended American Public...

How adequately educated are students who attended American public schools? How much ethnic and cultural diversity is there in the American careers? Do wealthy middle and upper class children have an advantage to receive more opportunities than those who have a lower socioeconomic background? Millions of people built mistrust toward â€Å"American Dream† because they did not achieve what they were expecting in life. A lot of people want more money from their jobs or want to win the lottery for their materialistic needs. Instead of trying to be happy about what they have and cherishing everyday like it is their last. America is the land of opportunities so people from different countries come to fulfill their own dreams. Also, immigrants come to America just to live a better life and to not be discriminated because of their nationalities, ethic, beliefs, or cultures. But racism is the root of all evil in our country; the way Americans treat other races that is not the same as ou r own, they humiliate, and torment them. By doing people wrongful ways they have created the death of the American Dream because lots of people have lost faith or perhaps never really believed. Racism stop the American Dream, the history of racism has hunted their dreams and still lives today. Where the American Dream originated from? Is it still being pursued? How it is expressed in different ways though Dr. King, movies or rags to riches? The American Dream originated during the Great Depression whileShow MoreRelatedThe Experience Of African Americans And Native Americans With School1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe Experience of African-Americans and Native Americans With School Within the history of America, we’ve had discrimination and different approaches to how we interact with the other ethnic group, and how these ethic group were educated within our country. This country that is America sometimes gave these ethnic groups an education to the bare minimum, so that the â€Å"real† citizens. Or the white citizens who were privileged enough to be born with white skin could succeed within their society, andRead More The Public Choice Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesThe Public Choice For some parents, deciding on a school for their children can be a difficult decision. Many parents do not spend much time thinking about it; they place their children into the local school designated by where they live. Others attended a private school themselves and found that it was a beneficial experience and therefore want the same for their kids. But which is better: private schools or public schools? While there are many advantages and disadvantages in each (nothingRead MoreEducation Of Women During The Colonial Period Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pageslikely to go to school than females due to the facts that you had to pay for schooling. There was also the fact a woman s education depended on their race, class, and location. Families that wanted to educated their females had very few options of schooling. They could be home-schooled or go to a Dame school. There was a third option of getting a tutor but that was rare and very expensive, it was mostly for guys and the girls would sit in. Girls that were home-schooled were taught how to read andRead MoreAndrew Mann s Philosophy On Education943 Words   |  4 Pagesalso known as the father of American education, created eight major theories that are vital to our education system today. Mann s Value Theory contributed to society s views on education. His Value Theory explained the goals of education. Mann believed that education should be open to all people, regardless of their financial status. This concept of Value Theory is much like my educational experience. Growing up, my family was not financially well off. However public school gave me the opportunityRead MorePrivate Vs Public : A Middle School Perspective986 Words   |  4 PagesPrivate versus Pu blic: A Middle School Perspective Louisiana is ranked 48th in education in the United States by the American Legislative Exchange Council. We can see this in the poorly funded and low resourced schools we have here in New Orleans. There is a great divide in what students are receiving a quality education. In New Orleans the public schools often have ninety percent or more students who are African-American and Latino. The public schools are mainly chartered and filled with youngRead MoreIs Education A Democratic Society?1429 Words   |  6 Pagessex, race, or age†. The education system today in America, is required to give students the equal right to earn an education without discrimination. While the education system today now has that rule, it has not always been the case to allow every student an equal opportunity to earn an education. There has been huge discrimination in the past regarding students of different races and social classes wanting to attend school. While others in the past believed that not e veryone should be able to get anRead MoreThe Black Colleges And Universities Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Historically Black Colleges and Universities, or HBCUs, have played an important role in enriching the lives of not just African Americans, but our entire country.†(Keller) What Ric Keller states here is an opinion that outlines a compelling fact about HBCUs that along with several other significant information that may come as a surprise. Essentially, the great debate between the choice of whether an Historically Black College and University or Predominantly White Institution is more beneficialRead MorePublic Education : The United States912 Words   |  4 Pages Public education is a good that is privileged to everyone in the United States. While education may seem extensive and unnecessary, especially to youth, achieving an education has benefitted people through the history of the U.S., which in turn benefits the U.S.’s welfare. When Thomas Jefferson advocated the opening of public schools in the early 1800s, his plan was only half fulfilled; only wealthy communities could afford public schools (Watson 2). This remained true until the early to mid 1900sRead MoreTuition Free Public College Education1677 Words   |  7 PagesAnd Education for All: Tuition-Free Public College Education Everyone has the right to an education and education should be as accessible as possible to fulfill this need. Without an education, people are rendered powerless. Education gives people the power to go wherever and do whatever they want in life. This is especially true for higher education and a college degree is needed now more than ever. In the United States, in order to get ahead in a career or go up the social ladder, one needs aRead MoreThe Politics And Foreign Policy1044 Words   |  5 Pages Results of the political typology quiz characterized me as a Next Generation Left who are generally young, well-educated and financially comfortable with very liberal attitudes on many issues, including homosexuality, abortion, the environment and foreign policy. Contrary to my initial expectations of the results, I truly feel that the results of the quiz accurately describe my views flawlessly. Not only does the term Next Generation Left provide a basis for my attitude, but it also

Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 - 1858 Words

Each individual finds his unique place in the world by going through a journey of self-discovery. One who cannot surmount the tests and trials faces the possibility of not completing the cycle, and will be labeled a tragic hero. A hero rises as a master of two worlds when he utilizes the help of mentors and disregards the hindrances placed by other characters and the unknown world. The typical hero in literature is depicted as the one who conquers all, faces what no other dares to, and fights to make good triumph over evil. Ray Bradbury presents the fictional story, Fahrenheit 451, of such an individual, whose perspective opens up another world previously hidden from him. The story exhibits turning points in Guy Montag’s journey and gives†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"It was a pleasure to burn. It was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed† (Bradbury 3). If Montag felt the slightest amount of emotion, he would display sympathy towards the authors’ whose work was being disintegrated into thin air. He begins his journey without emotion, but he is reminded of feelings such as love by a call to adventure from the magically depicted girl, Clarisse. While speaking with her, he is reminded of an event that depicts light as a creative, peaceful symbol: â€Å"One time, as a child, in a power failure, his mother had found and lit a last candle and there had been a brief hour of rediscovery, of such illumination that space lost its vast dimensions and drew comfortably around them, and they, mother and son, alone, transformed, hoping that the power might not come on again too soon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bradbury 7). Clarisse makes Montag question his perspective and reminds him ever so slightly of the feeling of love; however, despite her insight, Montag continues to follow the status quo of disregarding books as nonsense. Only when Montag experiences the love and passion the Unidentified Old Woman had for her books does he have a spark of curiosity. â€Å"The woman’s hand twitched on the single

Organizational Inducements and Psychologicalâ€MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Inducements and Psychological Resilience. Answer: Introduction The following report is based on organizational behavior. It is observed that organizational behavior is related to different aspects of the business. As the industries have become competitive, the organizations have to focus on dynamics of the environment, as the competition come from the industry dynamics. An organizational environment is built of different aspects such as human resource, employee performance, productivity and many more. As put forward by Uddin, Luva and Hossain (2012), organizational behavior is the activity of both group as well as individual performance within the organization. In this context, Sageer, Rafat and Agarwal (2012) also commented that organizational behavior is also related to the human behavior in organizational setting, the interface between human behavior and the organization. These aspects have strong impact on the organizational productivity, employee performance and business growth. However, to learn how organizational behavior does influence t he productivity and operation, three separated journals on organizational behavior have been selected. The similarities and dissimilarities of these three articles have been discussed in the report. Based on the findings, integrated interpretation has been provided in the report. The first article is about the relationships of organizational inducements and psychological resilience to employees' attitudes and behaviors toward organizational change This study has been conducted considering the telecommunication sector in Bangladesh. Another article is about the identification of variables affecting employee satisfaction and its impact on the organization. Likewise, the last article is about whether commitment based resource practices influence job embeddedness as well as intention to leave. Each of the articles has provided different outcomes related to organizational productivity, employee satisfaction and human resource Management. Similarities among the three articles Theoretical perspective of the first article- As this article is about relationships of organizational inducements and psychological resilience to employees' attitudes and behaviors toward organizational change. It is observed that employees while working in the midst of organizational change observe inherent stress as well as strain. It is significant that change executors understand the crucial role that major resources play in enabling individuals to deal with these challenges and stresses. It makes the employees highly committed to, and behaviorally engaged in, change implementation. The theory of conversion resource provides conceptual description of the role that resource play in collaborating individuals reaction to organizational change. As mentioned by Shin, Taylor and Seo 2012), the employees tend to consider the world as naturally threatening as well as demanding; thus, they carry a wide set of individual strength as well as social attachment to survive. To respond to the changing environment, the individuals attempt to obtain, retain as well as promote valued entities. Theoretical perspective of second article-This article is about the impact of human resource on organizational outcome. Observation of the relationship between HRM as well as organizational result remains as one of the long-standing goals of macro Human Resource Management studies. Jiang et al. (2012) considered the organizational outcome is considered as multi-dimensional. Based on the theoretical perspectives, it can also be added that strategic human resources management have several categories such as HR outcome, the outcome of operation as well as the financial outcome. Theoretical perspective of third article- This article is about the impact of high performance HRM practices on Employee Attitudes and behaviour. Based on the theoretical perspective of the article, it can be added that rational procedure of mutually reinforcing HR practices probably to develop the support and sustainable performance result than any other individual practices. In addition, theoretical background also helps to learn that not all HR practices remain as equally effective. Even though, some particular HRM practise involved high-performance, the HR systems differed across studies. This article also discusses about the employee commitment, which is a major key world of second article. Theatrical background All of the three articles include discussion about the relationship between the human resource Management and the organizational outcome, which in turn influence the employee performance. The methods of first article-This article include a longitudinal survey design implemented with a particular sample of employees as well as the managers from an Information Technology company in located South Korea. The study sample involves 344 employees and 48 managers of the company who work in a 16 different divisions. Methods of second article- To conduct the study, the authors have examined the mediating hypotheses using a meta-analytic structural equation modelling. The authors have used PsycINFO and Quest Digital Dissertation data set. Methods of third article:- To gain the research result, the study includes a primary analysis. In order to collect the primary data, employees of a food service organization have been involved in the survey. The directors were also involved to administer the survey to randomly chosen group of 20% of the employees in the overall unit. Research result and interpretation of first article- The result of first article is based on the impact of organizational inducements as well as psychological resilience, which includes both affective and normative commitment. Likewise, the hypothesis helps to learn that the positive effect could mediate the relationship between organizational inducement and employees normative and affective commitment. Research result and interpretation of second article- Based on the meta-analytic review, it is found that three dimension of HR systems have different relationship along with employee motivation and human capital. These are largely related to the operational result as well as voluntary turnover. The study also discovered a direct relationship between skill-enhanced HR practices, financial outcome as well as motivation-enhanced HR practices. Research result and interpretation of third article- The research results supports authors prediction that employees collective perception of high performance HR practices are related to organizational citizenship behaviour, affective commitment as well as intention to stay in the organization. In addition, it is negatively related to absenteeism. Differences among the three articles- Theoretical perspective- Because of the subjective nature of culture, it can be difficult to define the specification of organizational culture. Even though no theory has been accepted, a genera consent comes regarding organizational inducements and Resources influence employees commitment comes into the consideration. The theoretical perspective of the article is different from others two articles. This theoretical background of this article does not cover perception of high performance and commitment, which are the central idea of second article. Theoretical perspective of second article-This article only focussed on the HRM as well as organizational outcome. The critical discussion of the article only highlights relationship between the organizational outcome and HRM practices. This study emphasizes on the fact that different HR practices should be applied to achieve the organizational goals. The organizational culture does not consist of one single entity of human resource Management. Theoretical perspective of third article- Even though, the perspective of human resource and organizational productivity differ in this article, the theoretical discussion has mentioned that if the employees are satisfied with the organizational benefits, the organisational productivity could be positively influenced. Thus, perspectives help to learn that organizational productivity and efficiency can be achieved through employee satisfaction and focus to employees emotional and physical needs. Even though the critical discussion of three articles have used same or equivalent key words, but emphasis one each key word is different in each article. The major focus of first article is on the organizational encouragement and psychological resilience to employees behaviour but it partially focuses on the employee commitment that is influenced by human resource management practices. The methods of first article: -Unlike other article, this article has used a broad sample to conduct the longitudinal survey. The sample included 344 employees and 48 managers, whereas the second article has only used the secondary method. The methods of second article:- Unlike the first article, this study is based on the secondary analysis. For HRM, the study has used some particular key words such as high work performance, high involvement work practice and high commitment work practices. The methods of third article- The method of this article is little different from other two articles. The study includes a primary analysis engaging 20% of employees of the company who work in 56 self-contained business units. Differences in research result and interpretation of first article: The result of the study confirm that different attribute of organizational culture has different impact on the overall operation. However, unlike the second article it does not focus on the impact of any particular attribute. Nevertheless, it shows the relationship between the cultural and performance. Differences in research result and interpretation of second article: This study has only derived the outcome of commitment based human resource management, on the job embeddedness, and off the job embeddedness. However, this study does not focus on other attribute of organizational culture. Differences in research result and interpretation of third article: This article has developed the outcome regarding different variables that have strong impact on the employee satisfaction. The result of the study indicates that employee satisfaction could largely influence the organizational productivity. Nevertheless, no result related to HRM practice and organizational culture has been found. Based on the methodology, theoretical perspectives and result, it can mentioned that none of the study has been competitive. Even though articles have included a primary analysis but articles have only conducted the survey and interview respectively. Although, the first article has conducted the interview among different level of employees but it did not include a secondary analysis or competitive analysis considering two organizations. The third article only includes a primary analysis and it does not focus on any particular context or organization. The first article has only included IT company of South Korea but the result of the analysis would have been more intensive if a comparative study was conducted. In addition, the authors of the first article should have focused on another organization from the same industry or different industry. The findings of the study would differ if the organizations were taken from different industry. In addition to this, the second article only fo cuses on the variables of commitment based human resource practices. As the outcome is related to employee satisfaction, skills and talents, recruitment and selection procedures should have been added in the article. Likewise, the last article provides the general discussion of employee satisfaction and productivity. The effectiveness of this study can be increased conducting an empirical analysis. Integration of the information contained in the three articles- The findings and result of three articles are based on three different contexts. The first paper has discussed about different cultural aspects of the organization and demonstrated the significant relationship between the organizational culture and performance. Hence, the authors linked the organizational performance to employee performance. This means organizational productivity is directly depended on the performance of the employees. This finding is related to third article, where organizational productivity has been linked with the performance of the employees. Thus, to increase the organizational performance, employee emotional and physical needs have been considered as the significant factors. However, the employee emotional and physical needs are again is related to the commitment based on human resource management practice. In the third article, the effectiveness of employee commitment has been discussed focusing on employee basic needs such as wages, bonus, career developmen t opportunities and other intangible benefits. However, Kehoe and Wright (2013) commented that organization provides the benefits to employees based on their reinforcement of commitment. This means the commitment based HRM practices facilitate in developing the fit dimension of the job embeddedness by choosing people who effectively fit with the organizations instead of the particular job requirement. The integrated interpretation of the three articles increases the effectiveness of the discussion. The integrated interpretation includes the idea of conducting a competitive analysis considering two different organizations from different industries. To gain the intensive outcome from the interpretation, both qualitative and quantitative approaches of data collection need to be added. Both the managers and the employees of each department of both organizations should be surveyed and interviewed to derive the factual data on organizational productivity and employee performance. Likewise, the study should include a secondary analysis considering a number of existing journals on employee commitment, performance and organizational productivity. Thus, with this integrated interpretation, a sophisticated as well as extensive nature can be established in the paper, which could further add value to the organizations examining disciplines with intensive perceptions. Conclusion On the completion of the report, it can be added that three articles have been conducted on different context with different perspectives. However, definitions and theories related to organizational behavior discussed in the article are similar to each other. Based on the discussion of three articles it can also be added that employee behavior or attitudes characteristically reflect the moral of the organization. For example, in the area of customer service, the organizations need happy and satisfied employees as they could represent firm to the public. Thereby, each organization should form strategies that reinforce the work environment. Reference Article 1- Shin, J., Taylor, M.S. and Seo, M.G., 2012. Resources for change: The relationships of organizational inducements and psychological resilience to employees' attitudes and behaviors toward organizational change.Academy of Management Journal,55(3), pp.727-748. Article 2- Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Hu, J. and Baer, J.C., 2012. How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms.Academy of management Journal,55(6), pp.1264-1294. Article 3- Kehoe, R.R. and Wright, P.M., 2013. The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of management,39(2), pp.366-391.

Positive Behavior Definition and Illustrations Essay Example For Students

Positive Behavior: Definition and Illustrations Essay Outline1 DEFINITION 2 ILLUSTRATIONS OF POSITIVE BEHAVIOR3 EFFECTIVENESS OF POSITIVE BEHAVIOR4 EFFECTIVENESS OF POSITIVE BEHAVIOR DEFINITION Behavior that tends to satisfy the desires of the respondent is posi tive behavior. It will become apparent that by this definition some positive behavior may lead to antisocial (so called â€Å"negative†) responses and hence is not recommended. Further more, some behavior that is itself socially acceptable and apparently positive is not, by this definition, actually positive because it docs not tend to satisfy the desires of the re spondent. The reverse is also true: some behavior that is socially not ac ceptable and apparently negative is yet actually positive because it oper ates to satisfy the desires of the re cipient. These propositions and illus trations of them arc to be considered in the following paragraphs, the inten tion being to provide basic under- standings and specific applications of positive behavior. ILLUSTRATIONS OF POSITIVE BEHAVIOR Actions that can be classified under the following headings are custom arily called positive: showing interest, agreeing, making balanced criticisms, approving, showing affection, co-oper ating, protecting, praising, under standing, and forgiving.1 All these are alike in one respect: they take into account the other fellows wants and enhance his realization of them. Let us examine a few illustrations to clari fy this point. Four high-school Seniors were be ginning to discuss the Junior play after the first performance. John said, â€Å"They were very amateurish and corny, dont you think?† The re sponses were as follows: Evelyn: They sure were! Jim: I don’t think so. I think they were O.K. John (to Jim): Whaddayuh mean, O.K.! Helen: They were amateurish, all right; but maybe they’ll be better tomorrow night. Come to think of it, we were pretty awful last year oureelves. Joiin: Oh, I guess we weren’t so hot either. They did all right for their first crack at it. This conversation contained three typical responses to John’s first nega tive remark: Evelyn’s, a positive one; Jims, clearly negative; and Helen’s, a balanced criticism. The positive re sponse gave the speaker agreement and had the force of saying, â€Å"I stand   with you; your opinion fits in; you be long.† Hence it satisfied John’s desire to be accepted.* The negative response gave him disagreement and had the force of saying, â€Å"You stand alone; I do not accept your opinion (which in this instance stands for you); hence I reject you.† This response did not fulfil John’s desire for accepta nce. In effect, it did just the reverse, and he involuntarily responded to it with an other negative comment that implied rejection toward Jim. Helen’s answer contained agree ment and also additional truth; it is a balanced criticism and helped John to modify his opinion. In effect, Helen’s comment says, â€Å"I accept your opin- ion; hence I accept you; and I add this point of view to complete the pic ture.† John’s desire for acceptance was satisfied, and he immediately was able to return acceptance to Helen’s additional point of view. Then he re vised his previously expressed criti cism by saying that, although the Juniors were amateurish, they did pretty well, considering. When Under Secretary of War Pat terson recently visited the technical training center at Willow Run, the supervisor of training classes said to him, within the hearing of a certain instructor, â€Å"I’d like to have you see what’s going on here, General.† The instructor was then introduced to the official from Washington and, when the latter asked, â€Å"What does go on here?† the supervisor turned to the in structor and said, â€Å"You tell him about it.† Mr. Patterson spent the next half hour keenly interested in everything the instructor had to say. The entire incident appealed to the instructor’s desire to excel, though he may not have been aware of the fact. The su pervisor implicitly praised him by leading a distinguished person to his department; this was as much as to say, â€Å"I think this man is doing out standing work.† Giving him an intro duction to the Under Secretary of War was gratifying; then telling him to do the explaining provided him with an other opportunity to assert himself in a field in which he excelled. The Gen eral, in showing interest and remain ing so long, was positive also because his action, like that of the supervisor, satisfied the instructors desire to ex cel. The effect of these satisfactions was to intensify the instructor’s inter est in self-attainment through greater service for the men who had approved of him. Positive behavior thus takes into account the other fellow’s desires and enhances his realization of them. Be coming sensitive to other people’s wants and gaining ability to respond positively to them are, however, far more difficult than listing illustrations in an article. Indeed, this is the life long task in human relations, for which an attitude of affection or un selfishness must be laid down as the foundation. Many persons do not possess either this attitude or the tech  niques of positive behavior as uncon scious habit patterns. Though it is possible to develop these patterns even after maturity is reached, it takes time and constant, conscious effort. Ideally these things are learned in in fancy from parents, brothers, and sisters and are then developed further through education. EFFECTIVENESS OF POSITIVE BEHAVIOR When education everywhere recog nizes the importance of human rela tions, more people will be familiar not only with the positive techniques that make for happiness but also with the reasons why they do. Why is it that sarcasm, faultfinding, and negation tend to stimulate people to inappro priate responses and that understand ing, approval, agreement, balanced criticism, etc., stimulate people to socially appropriate responses? In the past we have rested with such ex planations as â€Å"Give a dog a bad name, and he’ll live up to it,† but this and similar sayings arc not explana tions at all. Positive stimulation is effective in influencing the respondent’s behavior because it either helps him to continue in, or improve upon, present activities or releases him from activities not sought by the stimulator. By referring to the first illustration given above, we can readily see that, when John’s desires were satisfied, he did not re assert his faultfinding op inion about the players. He may have been a little jealous of the Junior play cast; per haps he felt inferior about his own ability in comparison with theirs; or several factors may have motivated his destructive criticism. When his criticism was accepted by Helen, he was able to think more clearly and take other factors into account. He then became positive. Helen’s positive behavior stimulated him to a positive response because it released him from whatever his primary desires were and enabled him to consider Helen’s desire, namely, to evaluate the performance in terms of the play ers’ inexperience. Science/Religion Definition Of Religion And Defense Definition Of Reli EssaySuch would be the case, for example, if one were to agree with a person who is destroying anothers reputation or if one were to approve of criminal actions. The approval would be positive insofar as it tended to satisfy the wants of the antisocial person, but the approval itself would also be antisocial. Here is the one exception in which positive behavior is socially detrimental and in which negative behavior—disapproval, dis agreement, rejection—is definitely in dicated. Positive behavior, then, is that which recognizes the wants of another person and tends to satisfy them. It is effective in human relations be- cause it either helps the person to continue in, or to improve on, present activities or releases him from purely personal desires. We shall see how complex the practice of positive tech niques may become. wants and enables him to shift to more socially appropriate behavior, its stim ulus value could be positive. The second exception involves an irate customer or client in the act of abusing an executive. More often than not, an attitude of acceptance and quiet listening (both, obviously, positive reactions) will be effective. After a few minutes of abuse the angry one becomes more self-con tained; his desire to punish the ex ecutive wanes; and he can begin to reason. There arc instances, however, when the irate person only becomes more irate as the manager against whom he is leveling his hostility con tinues to control himself and listens with an attitude of acceptance. A high-school principal once en countered such a person and noticed that, instead of helping the parent get things off his chest, he was actually making the parent more disturbed. He then reversed his technique and for a brief moment put on a scene, made a few caustic remarks, and, to all appearances, lost control of his temper, too. The parent was sur prised; he stood wide-eyed, open mouthed, staring at the principal. Then, at the first opportunity, he seized on an overstatement of the principal, and the following conversation took place. Then the principal went on to admit that he had lost his temper; it was easy after that to be positive in re sponse and to admit the same error. The next thought was a constructive one, back to the problem: â€Å"I want that kid of mine to graduate, and I don’t know what to do with him.† The apparently negative behavior of the principal had a positive stimu lus value for the parent because it gave him a bit of punishment, which he unc onsciously craved in return for his own conduct, and it also removed his feeling of inferiority in relation to one who had been perfectly self-con trollcd. Before this man could begin to think constructively about his problem, he needed the punishment as well as a common ground for dis cussion. In supplying these needs, the principal was really positive, al though his actions seemed to be the reverse. As a matter of fact, all his previous conduct—listening, practic ing self-control, and showing a will ingness to hear the man’s story—was negative in its effect, for it heightened the man’s frustrations. None of the parents wants was being fulfilled un til the principal became angry. Posi tive behavior is thus positive in terms of its stimulus value for the recipient, and there are occasions when appar ently negative and antisocial conduct is positive. Also listed among the difficulties met when positive techniques arc used is the apparently negative in fluence that such techniques have on children who take them as unwelcome solicitations for their friendship. In stead of responding in like manner to friendliness and courtesy, they dis regard or actually the kindness extended to them. From previous discussion it will be evident that positive behavior is not satisfying to these pupils. They have no desire to develop a friendship with the teacher. Therefore they do not respond with positive reactions. They want to be left alone. In these instances, again, behavior that seems to be negative has a positive value, while behavior that appears to be positive has a negative value for the recipient. Frequently children who are left to themselves eventually make overtures of friend ship to those who leave them alone. Then for the teacher to respond in like manner would be positive in its stimulus value as well as in its obvious content.CONCLUSION It may be felt that undue emphasis has been given to wishy-washy con- duct—agreeing, approving, helping, understanding, forgiving, and so forth—and that positive behavior as outlined here, if logically carried to its conclusion (excepting positive stimulation in antisocial instances), would lead to a â€Å"door-mat society† in which everyone fawned on everyone else. Although there seems to the writer little indication that such a difficulty would rise to catastrophic dimensions in Western civilization, it will be admitted that each person has   the duty of developing his own abili ties to their utmost in the direction of service and that pursuing this duty will involve frequent compromise be tween consideration for others and consideration for one’s own desires. This is a problem unique for each in dividual, to be worked out in the area somewhere between total selfishness and total self-abnegation. We cannot say (for our society has not tried it on a big scale or over any considerable length of time) that a consistent pattern of positive be havior would interfere with self development. Certain kinds of com petition might be modified—competi tion for material gain, perhaps. This type of competition might then con ceivably be replaced by competition for service—a basic cultural aim in which positive conduct would have more c ongenial soil. Even so, every individual would have to choose at times whether to pursue his own de sires or to deny them in favor of another’s. Life will never relieve us from making choices.